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Dissociation of the blocking of conditioned eyeblink and conditioned fear following a shift in US locus
Two experiments with rabbits investigated the concordance of two measures of conditioning, eyeblink and potentiated startle, during a blocking sequence with paraorbital shock reinforcement. In both,...
Unravelling the genetic architecture of musical rhythm
While timing and rhythm-related phenotypes are heritable, the human genome variations underlying these traits are not yet well-understood. We conducted a genome-wide association study to identify common genetic variants associated with a...
An integrative framework for perceptual disturbances in psychosis
Emerging data suggest a key role for dopamine in the perceptual disturbances that occur in psychotic disorders. In this Review, Horga and Abi-Dargham discuss a framework focused on perceptual inference, emphasizing the role of dopamine and the...
The effects of age on resting-state BOLD signal variability is explained by cardiovascular and neurovascular factors
Accurate identification of brain function is necessary to understand neurocognitive ageing, and thereby promote health and well-being. Many studies of neurocognitive aging have investigated brain function with the blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD)...
Grasping trajectories in a virtual environment adhere to Weber’s law
Virtual-reality and telerobotic devices simulate local motor control of virtual objects within computerized environments. Here, we explored grasping kinematics within a virtual environment and tested...
Sitting Near a High-Performer Can Make You Better at Your Job
“Spillover” from certain coworkers can boost our productivity—or jeopardize our employment.
Balancing control: a Bayesian interpretation of habitual and goal-directed behavior
In everyday life, our behavior varies on a continuum from either automatic and habitual to deliberate and goal-directed. Recent evidence suggests that habit formation and relearning of habits operate in a context-dependent manner: Habit formation is...
‘Noise’ in the Brain Encodes Surprisingly Important Signals
Activity in the visual cortex and other sensory areas is dominated by signals about body movements, down to little tics and twitches. Scientists are now rethinking how they study and conceive of perception.
State anxiety biases estimates of uncertainty during reward learning in volatile environments
Previous research established that clinical anxiety impairs decision making and that high trait anxiety interferes with learning rates. Less understood are the effects of temporary anxious states on learning and decision making in healthy...
This is how we can empower 8 billion minds by 2030
"It’s 2030. Ajay lives in India. In his teens he experienced an episode of depression, so, as a new undergraduate, he was keen to sign up for a mental healthcare service when offered. Ajay chose a service that used mobile phone and internet...
Increased structural connectivity of the medial forebrain bundle in schizophrenia spectrum disorders is associated with delusions of paranoid threat and grandiosity
In many cases delusions in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are driven by strong emotions such as feelings of paranoia or grandiosity. We refer …