Pnas.org

Modern genetic analysis has revealed genetic differentiation across the south of Britain and Ireland. This structure demonstrates the impact of hegemonies and migrations from the histories of Britain and Ireland. How this structure compares to the...

The SILVER-seq technology enables sequencing extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) from a single droplet of liquid biopsy. This study revealed strong associations between serum exRNA expression levels and the donor’s sex and age. SILVER-seq detected serum...

Despite being highly subjective, aesthetic experiences are powerful moments of interaction with one’s surroundings, shaping behavior, mood, beliefs, and even a sense of self. The default-mode network (DMN), which sits atop the cortical hierarchy and...

We all know about ordinary space crystals, which are often beautiful objects and also useful in various practical applications. Briefly speaking, they consist of atoms which due to mutual interactions are able to self-organize their distribution in...

Two primary goals of psychological science should be to understand what aspects of human psychology are universal and the way that context and culture produce variability. This requires that we take into account the importance of culture and context...

News coverage of current affairs is predominantly negative. American accounts of this tendency tend to focus on journalistic practices, but this cannot easily account for negative news content around the world. It is more likely that negativity in...

Much recent work has explored molecular and population-genetic constraints on the rate of protein sequence evolution. The best predictor of evolutionary rate is expression level, for reasons that have remained unexplained. Here, we hypothesize that...

Repeated instances of police violence against unarmed civilians have drawn worldwide attention to the contemporary crisis of police legitimacy. Community-oriented policing (COP), which encourages positive, nonenforcement contact between police...

The gut microbiome is an established regulator of aspects of host metabolism, such as glucose handling. Despite the known impacts of the gut microbiota on host glucose homeostasis, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The gut microbiome is also a...

Climate observations comprise one sequence of natural internal variability and the response to external forcings. Large initial condition ensembles (LEs) performed with a single climate model provide many different sequences of internal variability...

Here, we present the near-atomic resolution structure of the ex vivo doublet microtubule. This offers new insight into the intricacy of the in vivo tubulin lattice. Unlike the in vitro reconstituted singlet microtubule, the doublet tubulin lattice...

A standard response of both policy makers and private citizens to hardships—from natural disasters to mass shootings—is to offer “thoughts and prayers.” Critics argue that such gestures are meaningless and may obstruct structural reforms intended to...

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen known to exhibit subpopulations of small-colony variants (SCVs) that cause persistent or recurrent infections. The underlying mechanisms promoting the SCV phenotypic switching and adaptation to...

Natural selection can drive evolution over short timescales. However, there is little understanding of which ecological factors are capable of driving rapid evolution and how rapid evolution alters allele frequencies across the genome. Here, we...

Unlike other great apes, humans evolved multisystem capabilities for moderate-intensity EPA, but it is unknown if selection acted similarly on the heart. We present data from a sample of humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas showing that the human (LV)...