Pnas.org
Transparency in authors’ contributions and responsibilities to promote integrity in scientific publication
In keeping with the growing movement in scientific publishing toward transparency in data and methods, we propose changes to journal authorship policies and procedures to provide insight into which author is responsible for which contributions,...
Economic irrationality is optimal during noisy decision making
Healthy individuals appear to display inconsistent preferences, preferring A over B , B over C , and C over A . Inconsistent, intransitive preferences of this form are hallmark manifestations of irrational choice behavior and breach the very...
Quantifying ecological impacts of mass extinctions with network analysis of fossil communities
The geologic record provides evidence of repeated diversification events and mass extinctions, which entailed benchmark changes in biodiversity and ecology. For insights into these events, we explore the fossil record of marine animal communities...
Plant acclimation to long-term high nitrogen deposition in an N-rich tropical forest
Elevated atmospheric N deposition threatens ecosystem health through eutrophication in terrestrial ecosystems, but little is known about consequences of N deposition in N-rich tropical ecosystems. We added several levels of N to an N-rich tropical...
Support for redistribution is shaped by compassion, envy, and self-interest, but not a taste for fairness
Markets have lifted millions out of poverty, but considerable inequality remains and there is a large worldwide demand for redistribution. Although economists, philosophers, and public policy analysts debate the merits and demerits of various...
Reply to Eckles et al.: Facebook’s optimization algorithms are highly unlikely to explain the effects of psychological targeting
We thank Eckles et al. (1) for their thoughtful comments. The authors point out that the optimization algorithms of Facebook’s advertising platform constitute a potential confound of campaign outcomes. We agree, in general, that such algorithms...
Field studies of psychologically targeted ads face threats to internal validity
We applaud Matz et al. (1) for using field studies on Facebook to investigate the effectiveness of psychologically targeted messages, building on prior, largely laboratory-based research. That said, this comparison of Facebook ad campaigns does not...
Growth of sedimentary Bathyarchaeota on lignin as an energy source
Marine sediment holds the largest organic carbon pool on earth, where microbial transformation of carbon is considered a key process of carbon cycling. Bathyarchaeota are among the most abundant and active groups of microorganisms in marine...
Comparative genomics of the nonlegume Parasponia reveals insights into evolution of nitrogen-fixing rhizobium symbioses
Fixed nitrogen is essential for plant growth. Some plants, such as legumes, can host nitrogen-fixing bacteria within cells in root organs called nodules. Nodules are considered to have evolved in parallel in different lineages, but the genetic...
Selection against variants in the genome associated with educational attainment
Epidemiological studies suggest that educational attainment is affected by genetic variants. Results from recent genetic studies allow us to construct a score from a person’s genotypes that captures a portion of this genetic component. Using data...
Therapeutic antitumor immunity by checkpoint blockade is enhanced by ibrutinib, an inhibitor of both BTK and ITK
Antibodies that block the negative signals between PD1-Ligand on tumor cells and PD-1 on T cells are effective therapies against several types of cancer. Ibrutinib, a covalent inhibitor of BTK is an approved therapy for B-cell leukemia and lymphoma....
Uncovering the role of the East Asian jet stream and heterogeneities in atmospheric rivers affecting the western United States
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) have major socioeconomic repercussions along the US West Coast due to heavy rainfall, flooding, strong winds, and storm surge. However, our understanding of the physical drivers responsible for their interannual variability...
Temporal transcriptional logic of dynamic regulatory networks underlying nitrogen signaling and use in plants
Our study exploits time—the relatively unexplored fourth dimension of gene regulatory networks (GRNs)—to learn the temporal transcriptional logic underlying dynamic nitrogen (N) signaling in plants. We introduce several conceptual innovations to the...
Transhemispheric ecosystem disservices of pink salmon in a Pacific Ocean macrosystem
Ecological processes at regional geographic scales can be connected to those in far distant locations by teleconnections, or interactions between species and systems far removed from one another. Macrosystem ecology views such interactions as...