Pnas.org

Emerging classes of flexible electronic systems designed to interface to soft tissues of the human body serve as the foundations for bioelectronic forms of medicine, with capabilities that can complement those of traditional pharmaceutical...

A group of evolutionary biologists sees evidence for a hologenome whereas others dismiss it entirely. One thing’s certain: the debate remains heated . Tilapias like their baths balmy. These tropical fish are happiest in warm pools. But they can be...

The failure of antibiotic treatment is a major concern worldwide. Resistance is a main determinant in the survival of bacteria under antibiotics. However, it is often observed that bacteria become recalcitrant to antibiotics treatment, without...

Using electroencephalography and virtual reality, our research provides a unique perspective on the centuries-old open-ended debate in cognitive neuroscience and philosophy on the relationship among cognition, movement, and environment. Our results...

The tendency to view members of social outgroups as interchangeable has long been considered a core component of intergroup bias and a precursor to stereotyping and discrimination. However, the early perceptual nature of these intergroup biases is...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major global cause of congenital disability and transplant-related morbidity. Excessive levels of within-host HCMV nucleotide diversity are attributed to unexpectedly high mutation rates. Here, we show that high...

Women remain strongly underrepresented in math-related fields. This phenomenon is problematic because it contributes to gender inequalities in the labor market and can reflect a loss of talent. The current state of the art is that students’...

Food is medicine, and diet impacts the risk for and progression of age-related macular degeneration AMD, but we have few clues as to why. We found that wild-type mice fed a high-glycemic-index diet similar in composition to the Western diet...

Neuroimaging studies suggest differences in the underlying biology of sexual arousal associated with sex and sexual orientation, yet their findings are conflicting. Following a thorough statistical review of all significant neuroimaging studies, we...

Type-1 reactions (T1R) are pathological immune responses in leprosy and a frequent cause of peripheral nerve damage. Employing a candidate gene approach combined with deep resequencing, we identified amino acid mutations in the E3 ligase Parkin and...

The remains of 2 Neanderthals were found in Gibraltar: the first at Forbes’ Quarry in 1848 and the second at Devil’s Tower in 1926. Since their discovery, present-day human DNA contamination has accumulated in the specimens. By developing a DNA...

The "Modern Synthesis" forms the foundation of current evolutionary theory. It is based on variation among individuals within populations. Variations within individuals are believed to hold no phylogenetic significance because such variation cannot...

Static latency is the hallmark of all herpes viruses. The varicella zoster virus, for instance, causes varicella (chickenpox), and after a latent phase of between 5 and 40 years, it can give rise to herpes zoster (shingles). This latency and the...

During communication, social ostensive signals (like gaze) are exchanged in a temporally contingent manner. Synchronized behavior creates social connectedness within human dyads, and even infants synchronize behaviorally with adults. However, the...

Marital discord is costly to children, families, and communities. The advent of the Internet, social networking, and on-line dating has affected how people meet future spouses, but little is known about the prevalence or outcomes of these marriages...